Industrial Training At Malaysian Agriculture Research Commerce Essay

Industrial Training At Malaysian Agriculture Research Commerce Essay This report briefly summarizes throughout my industrial training at Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute Kuala Terengganu. The industrial training period began from 25th June 2012 until 16th August 2012 under the Department of Promotion and Technology Development. The objectives of this report are to provide details information about MARDI and its function especially for this MARDI Kuala Terengganu station. The briefing of tasks and activities throughout the training, challenges and solutions, knowledge and skills required, and as the training to expose student to the real workplace environment. This report also covers some of the activities and tasks during my training period there. The activities included in this report are specifically focus on the food processing and the technology, projects with entrepreneurs, the renovation and upgrade the Technology Information Center and also the still ongoing research on use of GenKimo fertilizer on hybrid sweet corn crops. The challenges such as given a task within constraints of time, less skills in operating the machine and less experience in food processing were had been solved. Some of the valuable experiences that I gained are on time management, communication skills, teamwork, food processing processes and creative thinking. TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Industrial training program is one of the elective courses which are the most chosen by students to make up their credit hours of kuliyyah in order for them to complete their undergraduate studies. Industrial training is an important program because it will provide the students with academic and professional education in their courses. With practical working experience the students will enhance their skill and capability hence they are exposed to the world of employment. Therefore, this report is prepared in order to fulfill the requirement of this training in order to know what the students actually do and get during their industrial training period. The objectives of this industrial training are to expose the students to the actual working environment, to enhance and supplement the knowledge and skills of the students, to develop the students in term of ability, competence and interpersonal relationship, to expose and familiarize the students to rules and regulations including safety, to develop the spirit of team work among the students and other working group members, and to assess the ability and competence of the students in preparing themselves to join the workforce upon the completion of their study This report is briefly summarizes and covers all the details information about this institute, the activities, the tasks and functions that have been done and also the product or services provided by the institute and throughout my industrial training for the eight weeks starting from 25th June 2012 until 16th August 2012 under the Department of Promotion and Technology Development in MARDI Kuala Terengganu. Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Kuala Terengganu is the main station in Terengganu state. It plays an important role as the references center for all parties especially for entrepreneurs in improving and establishing their products. Besides, this station also involved in the development of food processing technology based on fish and active in giving advice, producing new products, providing modern technology in food processing and monitoring and help the entrepreneurs market their products. The activities done in this station such, organize the development programs of IKS in agriculture and farming industry, activities connect industry with department, agency and industry parties that involve in process of technology transferring and innovation technology, training entrepreneurs through the test-bed technology facilities for fish-based products, execute activities related to development and transferring of technology to the target group especially public sector and small farmer, and do research in technology processing for fish-based products. As an industrial trainings student, I was asking to involve and follow the activities done by the station and at the same time gain knowledge while working on with the entrepreneurs. In addition, I also involve in the new research project of MARDI in testing the effectiveness of GenKimo fertilizer on hybrid sweet corn and also helping renovate and upgrade the Technology Information Center of the station. Thus, from all the activities and tasks given and done, I get a lot of knowledge about MARDI itself, the food processing technology, the machine operation, and learn how MARDI help the entrepreneur in marketing their products. ESTABLISHMENT AND BACKGROUND OF MARDI Introduction MARDI (Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute) is a statutory body known as the Agricultural Research Institute of Malaysia to carry out research work in agriculture, food, and agro-based. The MARDI research efforts have generated many new varieties and clones of plants, animal breeds and management systems, as well as the latest technology and post-harvest food processing have been developed for horticultural and livestock products. In addition to carrying out contract research and development (R D) projects, MARDI also provides technical and entrepreneurial development in food technology, agriculture and other fields related to the industry. The technical services provided in the form of advice, consultancy, technical training, laboratory services and quality assurance analysis, processing and product development and technology up-scaling. Establishment and background MARDI was established with the primary objective of generating and promoting new technology, appropriate and efficient for the development of food industry, agriculture and agro-based industries. MARDI Act 1969 has led to the establishment of MARDI on October 28, 1969. MARDI was fully operational in 1971. MARDI managed and driven in accordance with policies and regulations of the Board of Governors decided with the concurrence of Mardi Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. For financial matters, the Minister of Finance is also required. MARDI Scientific Council will ensure that the technical program MARDI level of quality and maximum effectiveness. Functions To conduct research in the scientific, technical, economic, and social construction of the production, use and processing of crops, livestock and food. To serve as a center for collecting and disseminating information and advisory services relating to matters of scientific, technical and food-related economic, agricultural and agro-based industries. To serve as a center providing specialist services in food, agriculture and agro-based. Provides for various types of training to meet the development needs of food, agriculture and agro-based. Assistance grants allocated for pure research and applied scientific, technical, and economic and development related to food, agriculture and agro-based industries. To maintain liaison or statutory body with public and private organizations as well as foreigners who are involved in scientific research, technical, economic and social issues related to food, agriculture and agro-based. To conduct research and commercial production. To develop, promote and exploit the research results. To serve the agricultural industry, food and agriculture based. Achievements Amendments to MARDI Act (1990) which allowing MARDI to be involved in commercialization activities and subsequently ensued by the establishment of MARDITech Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (1992). The Act was further amended (2002). Yielding MARDIs certification with ISO 9001:1994 for quality management (1998) and ISO quality cap was earned when MARDIs analytical laboratory was accredited with MS ISO/EC 17025 (2001), followed by MARDI being MS ISO 9001:2000 (2004). Establishment of MARDIs Test-Beds and incubators (2005). Embracing of K-management as an operational culture (2005). MARDI organizational restructuring (1st February 2002). Establishment of additional research stations including in Sabah and Sarawak, based on agro-climatic zones and also in Mali and Malawi in Africa. International recognition through collaborative networking with research organizations and universities in USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Taiwan, China, ASEAN, and EU countries. Vision To be a world-renowned RD organization in food, agriculture and bio-based industries by 2015. Mission To create, innovate, transfer and apply knowledge, competencies and services to transform the national food, agriculture and bio-based industries towards increased commercialization and competitiveness. Customer Charter MARDI determined to produce appropriate technology, sustainable and viable and provide technology leadership to customers involved in the development of food and agriculture sector with dedication and professionalism. To achieve this, Mardi constantly strive to satisfy our customers by: Produce 40 year technology with the potential for increased scale, pioneer or commercialized for the benefit of the food, agriculture and related industries. Improving the performance of the target groups through the use of technology Providing services related to the development of quality food and agriculture sector and accredited based on international standards. Provide customer feedback on the status of application advice, information, training and expertise in technology-based Mardi within seven working days. Manage the payment for supplies and services within 14 days from the date of receipt of complete documents from the supplier. MARDI Quality Policy MARDI is committed to: Develop and promote appropriate and viable technology for customers in the food industry, agriculture and agro-based industries Comply with the requirements of quality management system and continually improve Once a year review objectives and quality policy at Management Review Meetings to ensure continuing suitability Disseminate this quality policy to all responsibility center (RC) in MARDI and displays them in Mardi intranet site. MARDI KUALA TERENGGANU Industry Profile There are four MARDIs stations in Terengganu which are: Kuala Terengganu MARDI station Jerangau MARDI station Kemaman MARDI station Besut MARDI station MARDI Kuala Terengganu in Manir began operating in 1990, it is formerly known as the Seri Culture MARDI Research Station Kuala Terengganu. This station research and operation is mainly under food processing and technology fish-based products. In 2000, fish processing station of Department of Food Technology MARDI at Jalan Balik Bukit, Kuala Terengganu had been transferred its operation to Kuala Terengganu MARDI station. Kuala Terengganu MARDI station is located 10km from Kuala Terengganu via Kuala Terengganu-Kelantan road and near to Pekan Manir. The main objectives of the establishment of this station are to support any activities of transferring and commercialization of technologies also research and innovation of technologies related to fish-based products. Besides, it also responsible to provide the infrastructure and supporting services to any transferring of technologies and study also expansion of income by optimizing the usage of natural resources. In addition, the main activities at this station are under the Food Technology Center, Promotion and Technology Development Center and Station Management Center. These three central undergo different researches and functions such the functions of Food Technology Center are do the research to produce new technology especially in the field of after-pharming and processing of fisheries products, provide technical training for food and agriculture entrepreneurs and staff of government departments and agencies, and provide advice to entrepreneurs. The function of Promotion and Technology Development Center is to promote activities, technology transfer and commercialization that has been produced by MARDI while the Station Management Center function is to manage all the activities of all four Terengganu MARDI stations and manage the administration systems. Functions of MARDI Kuala Terengganu station Promotion activities, transferring technology and commercialization that has been produced for the eastern MARDI using mechanization: Seminar, forum and industry dialog Exposure to mass media and publications Technical training Technical services Development of SMEs entrepreneurs Technology incubator services Support station by doing research on food technology especially development of fisheries products. Do research about food technology to formulate new technologies especially in the field of handling the harvest and processing of fisheries products. Supply the technical training for food and agriculture entrepreneurs to government employees and agencies. Provide the analysis service laboratory to do research for food industry. Placement staff to perform functions on technology transfer, research, management and administration. PROMOTION AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CENTER (MARDI KUALA TERENGGANU) Objectives To develop a technology transfer system can improve efficiency and effectiveness of technology innovation and commercialization of Mardi Increase and accelerate the use of technology among small farmers and traditional producers of agricultural products. To develop small and medium entrepreneurs (SMEs) in technology-based agricultural production and agro-based products. To introduce the new technology that provides Test-Bed food processing facilities and products for entrepreneurs. Programs Entrepreneur Development Program Entrepreneur Support Services Entrepreneur Guidance Service Adoption Scheme Special Projects of Entrepreneur Development Industry Liaison Program Technology promotion Technology Forum Industry Information Development and Technology Transfer Program Technology Development Technology Transfer Publishing Technology Test-Bed Technology System Test-bed technology system MARDI is one of the forms of support organized under the Entrepreneur Development Program. This system aims to improve the success of the small and medium enterprise in the production of food products through the use of technology. It was launched and opened up on 7th June 2012 by Y. Bhg Dato Mohd Hashim bin Abdullah, Chief Secretary Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry. The two main functions of this system are processing laboratory equipped with machinery, equipment and small-scale production facility for selected food products and stimulate technology innovation process among entrepreneurs who want to expand and improve the quality and competitiveness of products in the market. Services Offered in Test-Bed Production technology Handling machine and equipment Formulation and use of appropriate materials Packaging, designing, labeling and presenting of products Quality assessment and product analysis GMP and HACCP certificate Supporting technology Innovation DESCRIPTION OF TASKS AND ACTIVITIES Production of Keropok Lekor Overview: Some call them fish fritters, fish sausages or fish sticks but in Terengganu, they are called keropok. All districts produce their own keropok but the famous ones are none better than those found in Kampong Losong in Kuala Terengganu. Keropok lekor are actually made from processed fish meat mixed with salt and sagoo flour. This mixture is then rolled into sausage shaped around 6 to 10 inches long and immediately cooked. It is a great afternoon snack normally dipped in Terengganus equally famous chili sauce. They are made up of fish, flour and other ingredients. For Keropok Lekor, you can eat it in two ways. Deep fried or boiled. If you dont really like the fishy smell, then better to take the deep fried as sometime the boiled one will have some fishy smell, especially when they are no longer hot. Ingredients: Selayang meat Tamban meat Sagoo flour Sugar Salt Ajinomoto flavor Ice Methods: Minch the fish meats in surimi blocks cutting machine. Add some ice cubes and continue mincing the fish meat. Add sago flour and water. The mixture is stirred until it becomes soft dough in cross mixer machine. The mixture is made into a cylindrical shape by forming machine. Boil the water in versatile cookware. Add in one or two knotted pandan leaves. Drop the keropok lekor into the boiling water for about 30-35 minutes. Wait for it to cool before keep in freezer for storage and also can be eaten like that without fry. Notes: By using several machines in the processing, the making of keropok lekor become easier compared to traditional hand method. Besides, the shape of the keropok lekor looks nice and uniform. Production of Modern Frozen Sata and Otak-otak Overview: Sata is a concoction of fish meat with shallot and ginger paste, bask in coconut milk, are wrapped in banana leaf, folded into a shape of a cone, and stuck on the bamboo stick and barbequed over a low charcoal fire. Most famous are the sata from Kuala Kemaman. Through word of mouth, the place is flocked by locals as well as visitors from other states to get a taste of this delicious delicacy complete with coconut drinks. The stalls are actually the extension of villagers house and visitors can also get a taste of slow-paced traditional way of life. But today, sata can be available in frozen packaging. Rather than the usual mince fish otak-otak most people have accustomed to, this otak-otak or fish mousse is a fish based delicacy of which slices of fish are marinated and soaked in a thickly coated spices, mince shallots, onions, ginger, chilies and wrapped in banana leaves. The concoction is then wrapped in coconut leaf and cooked over a slow charcoal fire. Some places minced the fish meat with its spices while the famous ones in Kuala Kemaman still concocted the whole fish meat coated with spices. Some otak-otak use concoctions of prawn, squid or crab meat which gives choice of preferences to food lovers. Frozen otak-otak are becoming popular nowadays. Ingredients: (Sata Otak-otak) Fish meat Grated coconut Surimi Onion Sugar Chilies Salt Modified starch Ice Methods: All the ingredients are mixed up well by using the surimi blocks cutting machine and rotary mixer machine. The dough form is shaped by using nugget forming machine. The sata and otak-otak are baked in oven for about 20 minutes at 170-200Â °C. After that the sata and otak-otak are blast-freeze by using blast-freezing equipment. Then they are packing and keep under -20Â °C. Notes: Sata and otak-otak processing techniques have been improved with the use of appropriate machinery and proper packaging material suitable for freezing. The use of coconut milk powder reduces the fat content to 2%. The quality of frozen sata and otak-otak can be maintained up to 5 months at -20Â °C. Production of Soy Milk Overview: Soy milk is made by soaking soybeans, grinding them with water. The fluid which results after straining is called soy milk. Soy milk is most commonly found in aseptic cartons. Most of the soy milk available in the market is flavored and fortified with extra calcium or vitamins. Some producers add thickeners to their soy milk to give it a mouth feel of cows milk. Traditionally, soy milk has a beany taste which is well accepted by the Chinese, but less by the Western palate. Ingredients: Soy beans Water Sugar Pandan leaves Methods: Clean the soya beans and soak them in water before tossed. Grind the soy beans with water in ratio 1:7. Filter the mixture through a cheese cloth and recover the soy milk. Heat the soy milk till boiling point, add sugar and continue boiling for about 5 to 10 minutes. After cooling, the soy milk is ready and can be kept in the fridge for another 3 days. Notes: Can keep fresh soy milk for up to 3 days in the refrigerator. This is totally preservative-free. Production of Tau foo fa Overview: Tau Fu Fa, also known as soy custard or silken tofu pudding is a silky-smooth Chinese dessert that seems to glide effortlessly down your throat. Some like it hot, some like it cold, and there are quite a few different ways to enjoy this dessert. The process of making the tau fu fa is almost similar to that of making soy bean drink, and what makes it different is the additional step of adding in a curdling agent to set the dish. Usually the curdling agent is either gypsum powder or glucono delta-lactone (GDL) mixed with a small amount of water and corn flour, and they work to harden the soy mixture and help it set. Ingredients: (Tau Foo Fa) Soy beans Water Glucono delta-lactone curdling agent Corn flour (Syrup) Rock sugar Knotted pandan leaves Water Methods: (Tau Foo Fa) Blend soy beans in batches with water in ratio 1:5. Strain the soy bean mixture through a muslin cloth into a large cooking pot and discard the residues. Bring soy bean milk to a boil over medium heat. Mix curdling agent, cornflour and water in another bowl. Pour mixture into boiling pot and mix thoroughly. Turn the heat off and cover the pot with a lid. Set aside in a heat proof container for approximately 30 minutes to let the mixture set. Do not open the lid until after 30 minutes. (Syrup) Mix rock sugar, pandan leaves and water in another smaller pot. Boil over low heat until mixture thickens to reflect syrup. (Tau Foo Fa Syrup) Dish out set Tau Foo Fa, layer by layer onto a bowl. Ensure you use a flat ladle or a turner to scoop out the layers. Drizzle with sugar syrup. Notes: I would advise using GDL powder, which is a naturally occurring food additive, instead of gypsum powder, which is made of calcium sulphate as it is said to be disadvantageous to our health. Production of Fish Burger (Tilapia) Overview: Ingredients: Methods: Notes: Production of Breaded Fish Fillet and Cutlet (Tilapia) Overview: Ingredients: Methods: Notes: Activities to Meet MARDI Adopted Entrepreneurs Overview: Meet the MARDI adopted entrepreneurs to see their business progress and to make sure that they follow MARDI evaluation and instructions. Apart from that, MARDI need to ask the entrepreneurs about their problems or difficulties and help them by giving they advise, information, and together find solutions for their problems. Entrepreneurs problems: SINKU Food Industries Sdn. Bhd. Market improved, ask MARDI to develop MA center auto keropok lekor cutting machine. Ask MARDI to contact the SME MARDI to overcome the difficulties to get the GMP for modification the cool room which is delayed due to no provision. NURIQ Enterprise Experiencing problems in obtaining halal certification for lack of capital for plant modifications. In the process of obtaining a halal certificate Malaysia. Hidayah Mohd Nasir Enterprise Ask MARDI to help to solve problems regarding soft texture of cincau. Ask for fried tofu course. BM Food Industries Sdn. Bhd. HACCP problems no writing explanation on sauce cooking temperature of 90-95 degrees Celsius, ask MARDI for the analysis of why the protein content in the oyster sauce is reduced. MADURA Industries Sdn. Bhd. Facing problems in the product the Sparkling Juice contain precipitate and cloudy. Activities in Test-Bed by Entrepreneurs Overview: AROMA WARISAN Entrepreneur: Ahmad Sabri Omar Product: Keropok lekor Duration: 3 months POK NOR SATA Entrepreneur: Mohd Sahir bin Mohd Nor Duration: 3 months Project of Sweet Corn Hibrimas Tested Using GenKimo Fertilizer Overview: Sweet corn hibrimas is one of the successful products from MARDI. We have an opportunity to visit to the Corn Farm located at area of Kuala Berang at twice. The first visit was to employ the Genkimo fertilizer and examine the effect to the corn trees. This type of fertilizer was applied immediately afler planted the tree. Then, the second visit was to measure the height of corn tree that have used Genkimo fertilizer. Under research: Project Title Survey of Farmers acceptance of Organic Fertilizer (GENKiMO) application on sweet corn field in Kuala Berang, Terengganu. Project Objective To investigate the effectiveness of using GENKiMO bio-organic fertilizer in improving the growth of Hibrimas among selected farmers To evaluate the viabilty of the projects Brief Description of Project (please include justification, key areas of research to be undertaken, and related research if any) GENKiMO is a biotechnology product, which means healthy probiotic microorganisms. It is a type of probiotic that contains live microorganisms which are mainly comprised of small bacteria such as lactobacillus-celled, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria. GENKiMO produced by natural fermentation and characterization using 100% of the local environment. Beneficial bacteria / effective, enzymes and acids help to increase the organic matter of internal health of livestock, improve environmental quality, enhance growth and disease resistance of plant growth, accelerate the decomposition of organic forces, restoring soil fertility and others. Background of Hibrimas: In 2008, MARDI collaborated with Green world genetics (GWG) and tropical fruit network (TFNET). The main purpose of this collaboration was is to evaluate 26 sweet corn hybrids for fresh consumption as well as canning purposes. From the preliminary evaluation, five potential sweet corn hybrids were selected. Selection were made based on the early maturing hybrid (65-68 days after planting), high yield (average yield of 250-300 g/cob), golden colored kernel with good kernel arrangement and uniform shape cob. From further evaluation over locations, the sweet 601 was found to the most leaf blight and the sweetness is within the range 14-15 brix. Besides, it also has tropical sweet corn hybrids which have the sh2 gene for sweetness. Potential of Commercialization: The mature Hibrimas are suitable for fresh consumption besides they also can be applying to many ways of cooking like boiling, grilling or steaming. However for hibrimas the most suitable way of cooking is by steaming fro not more than 10 minutes. This is to ensure the sweetness of hibrimas is retained. The kernel of the sweet corn can also be eaten as corn in cup or canned. Baby corn can also be harvested and eaten as vegetable. After harvesting the cob, the whole plant can be harvested and transformed into silage for animal feed or as composed fertilizer. Advantages of Hibrimas Corn: Hibrimas tree grows at an altitude of 200-220 cm capable of high productivity with an orderly arrangement of content. Good farming practices, proper drainage system and application of appropriate fertilization, capable high yield. Resistant to leaf blight disease. Able to provide results that many of the nearly 22.000 hectares of land and increase productivity because it is more fruitful in a shorter period of about 68 days after planting. CHALLENGES SOLUTIONS Along 8 weeks of internship, I have faced many challenges which need me to go through it and overcome them as quickly and proactively. The problems came sometimes can be handle but sometimes cannot. The most challenges I had faced was the skill to operate the machines that are used in food processing. Besides, the lack of knowledge about food processing cause by different study or course I sit for in university limit my actions and make me feel burdensome or boring. In addition, the working environment here is a bit challenging because I need to communicate and working together with the other senior staffs, need to do new things that I never done before this especially in food handling process which I had never learned before. At the same time, I need to stand with some of the male staffs whom like to tease five of us include me, the industrial training students which sometimes a bit annoying. The unpleasant stories heard from the staffs also one of the challengers to me. Although there are several challengers coming, I had never give up but always take it easy and manageable and see it from the positive side. Hence, the challengers in handling the machines and the tasks given which are likely not related to my study, I take it as easy and new matters in order to increase my experiences and knowledge thus, I can adapt with these situations quickly. Apart from that, the teasing and unpleasant stories heard, I take it as a spirit to prove them that I can do it and Im here not only to be an observer. I tried my best to involve in the activities and followed all the instructions and task given. Usually, if I faced a problem regarding my tasks, I would refer to my supervisor, En. Mohd Faiz bin Musa and other senior assistants and staffs that have many experiences and knowledge. They were always ready to help me so; I learn many new things from them and try to become creative thinking and ready to solve problems. The understanding in many fields of knowledge is not waste because it is important as a backup for us to face in everyday life and works soon. KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS THAT HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED Throughout the industrial training period, I have learned a lot of new knowledge and application which I did not get from my study in kuliyyah before. Here, I was assigned to do food processing of fish-based products, handled machines, involved in sensory evaluation and analyze the data, involved in new still ongoing research on the use and effect of GenKimo fertilizers on the hybrid sweet corn crops compared to other organic and chemical fertilizers and also some office tasks. Besides, I was participated in project with entrepreneurs for varieties of food processing and development. In term of skills, I learned to operate machines with standard of operation procedure (SOP). This includes ho

First characteristic book Essay

Willa Cather has never published a bad book. Ergo, all of her work is of the same excellence, all of it has the same importance. Speaking about her creative activity it is difficult to divide her heritage into good and bad books. Nevertheless, despite that fact the truth is that Cather’s strongest books are those related to the West, to the land of her childhood. Willa Sibert Cather was born in Virginia, but brought up from the age of 8 in Nebraska, where she was reared among the immigrants. My attempt will be to find out what episodes of Willa Cather’s life had impact upon her work and to prove that this impact was determinative in the formation of mature and internationally known writer worthy being included in contemporary literary canon. Willa Cather was educated at the University of Nebraska, where she studied Latin that may have influenced her graceful Virgilian style. (Daiches, 1951, 34) Later she worked on the staff, then as editor, of McClure’s Magazine in New York from 1906 to 1912. With O Pioneers! , written in 1913, she turned to the Nebraska prairies to relate the stories she experienced, he stories praising the romanticism and difficulties of the life in frontier. She was awarded with a Pulitzer Prize for her novel One of Ours of 1922. Willa Cather would probably be a writer even had she never gone West in her early impressionable years. What kind of a writer, it would be hard to say. In this context James Seaton makes some presumption, namely he refers to the inferior quality of her non-Western books, that we should not have had anything like her present masterpieces, and that America and the world would not have heard of her. (Seaton, 1998, 147) Willa Cather’s best works are indeed the result of cooperation of poetic vision of the artist in words and landscape where each gives to each, the artist giving her chosen country expression and duration forever, the country and the people so identifying themselves with the artist as to become backbone and marrow of her work. Willa Cather’s union with the great table-lands east of the Rockies had prominent effect on her best works. The passion for description of past in Cather’s works is usually explained by critics as the influence of her childhood spent in Nebraska. (Brown, 1953, O’Brien, 1987); and Joan Acocella justly calls Cather â€Å"the elegist of the pioneer period, the repository of what America thinks of as its early triumphs. † (Acocella, 2000, 3) Willa Cather wrote three novels, her so-called prairie trilogy – all based on her childhood in Nebraska. In the 1913 O Pioneers! a young Swedish immigrant, Alexandra Bergson, raises a blooming farm out of the barren Nebraska plain. Then comes The Song of the Lark, in which Thea Kronborg, another little Swede, stuck in another prairie town, dreams of becoming an artist, and actually makes it. And the third is My Antonia, the story of a Czech girl, Antonia Shimerda. Willa Cather takes to her heart the simplest souls of the West, the generous, impulsive, loyal souls of brakeman, ranchman, pioneer, missionary priest and Indian. Willa Cather’s Thea Kronborg, her Claude Wheeler, her Professor St. Peter, her Archbishop carry the pioneers’ flag of endurance into the higher realms, driven on by their imagination and their passion to a more perfect world. Willa Cather’s early resettlement to the West brought about for her, without her striving for it, the revelation of a landscape’s essential beauty and of the particular imprint on it of human sufferings and toil. Her early experience was that factor which encouraged the development of originality and a form of Cather’s writing. The length of that experience is eloquent enough: a child of nine came, saw, and conquered the West; it took a mature woman of some published books behind her to write O Pioneers, Willa Cather’s probably first characteristic book. Willa Cather soon exchanged the prairie for the schoolroom. Nevertheless, the prairie and the pioneers had given her what no school could have given: the first priceless experience of life in the open in a vast untamed country, an experience that is all the more palpable in her novels with eloquent English tongue poetizing beauty of the West, the pioneers’ inarticulate dreams, their stoic acceptance of the inevitable, and their ready answer to the call of adventure.

Why People Arent Discussing Apa Research Paper Pdf

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Dam and Damn - Commonly Confused Words

The words dam and damn are homophones: they sound the same but have different meanings.The noun dam refers to a barrier that holds back water. As a verb, dam means to hold back or confine. As a verb, damn means to criticize or to condemn as bad or inferior. As an interjection, damn is used to express anger, frustration, or disappointment. As an adjective, damn serves as a shorted form of damned. Examples Are you that little Dutch  boy with the finger in the dam trying to prevent the wall from coming down and the water from flooding your valley?  (Jeanette C. Morgan, The Voice That Must Be Heard. Tate, 2010)The Boers were unsuccessful in their efforts to dam up the Klip River in order to flood the town.Damn them, he cursed inwardly, years of bitter resentment welling up inside him. Damn them for laughing, damn the driver for swearing at him! Damn the whole town.(James Herbert, The Fog. Pan Macmillan, 1999) Practice The man could be concealing the fact that his stones were enchanted by black magic, helping to _____ the person who used them.  (Piers Anthony, On a Pale Horse. Del Rey Books, 1983)Waves were crashing against the _____ in front of us, and we were drenched by the wild spray.There was a treaty that said the Indians could always fish the falls. But the government wanted to build a _____ to generate electricity for the cities and store water for the farmers.  (Craig Lesley, Winterkill. Houghton Mifflin, 1984) Answers to Practice Exercises The man could be concealing the fact that his stones were enchanted by black magic, helping to  damn  the person who used them. (Piers Anthony,  On a Pale Horse.  Del Rey Books, 1983)Waves were crashing against the  dam  in front of us, and we were drenched by the wild spray.There was a treaty that said the Indians could always fish the falls. But the government wanted to build a  dam  to generate electricity for the cities and store water for the farmers.   (Craig Lesley,  Winterkill. Houghton Mifflin, 1984)

Compare and Contrast Dna and Rna - 951 Words

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. Discuss why humans did not evolve with one central repository of DNA, but rather it is replicated throughout the body? Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): It is helical double stranded nucleic acid made of complementary purine and pyramidines supported by deoxy ribose sugars and phospodiester structures. (5 Prime to 3 prime). Eukaryotic DNA material. Ribonucleic acid (RNA): It is a single nucleic acid supported by adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil supported by ribose sugars. mRNA, rRNA and tRNA. Double standed RNA Viruses are also with RNA as genetic material a) Makes a complementary strand of RNA ---------gt; primase Primase is an RNA polymerase that reads DNA and synthesize complememntary RNA strand†¦show more content†¦The four bases found in DNA are adenine (abbreviated A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). A fifth pyrimidine base, called uracil (U), usually takes the place of thymine in RNA and differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring. If we only had one central repository of DNA, it would take a long time for a protein to be made. Wed have to make it far in advance of needing it, so we wouldnt be able to quickly respond to new situations. Imagine if you were out hunting, and suddenly, a wolf appeared at your side. If you were slow at making proteins because you had one central repository of DNA, the wolf would probably get to you before you could respond safely. Also, regulation of proteins occurs at the level of DNA as well as on other levels. In some cells, certain sections of DNA are bundled tight in a mass of proteins, in such a way that no RNA (and thus no protein) can be made from them. This turns off those genes. In other sections, only a few proteins might be keeping the DNA turned off, so that it could quickly be unravelled and used to make proteins. This decreases the chance of harmful mutations killing the entire body, as well. Right now, you have redundancy--many copies of heart cells, each with a full set of DNA. Now imagine that something goes wrong with one of those cells. It can safely suicide, and the other cells will replace it. If we had one central set of DNA, if anything ever went wrongShow MoreRelatedCh. 12 13 Dna Protein Synthesis Project. By Anthony1236 Words   |  5 PagesCh. 12 13 DNA Protein Synthesis Project By Anthony Li, Connor Farrell, John Koutsonikolis, and Tristan Funicelli (Tristan) # Describe the contributions of each of the following to the discovery of the structure of DNA - 1) Watson and Crick: Used Rosalind Franklin’s x-rays of DNA to conclude that DNA took the shape of a double helix. 2) Frederick Miescher: Used pus from infections to isolate nuclein. He found that nuclein had a unique ratio of phosphorous to nitrogen. 3) Oswald Avery: TestedRead MoreThe Theories Of Virus Origin1615 Words   |  7 Pagespieces of DNA or RNA progressively picked up additions, forming infectious agents. The existence and behavior of retrotransposons is the main evidence and support for this theory. Retrotransposons are genes that use RNA intermediates to move along the genome. For now retrotransposons are confined to the boundaries of the cell and assist with evolution. The theory compares retrotransposons with the retroviruses, which is the family of the HIV virus. To understand the theory we must compare the two.Read MoreComparing Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells891 Words   |  4 Pages1. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Be sure to address cell structure, replication (including DNA replication) and gene expression. The cell structure of prokaryotic organisms is small, only about 1-10 microns in length, and they are also single celled. Prokaryotes contain circular DNA which is held in the nucleoid because they lack a nucleus. The specific organisms that have circular DNA are: mitochondrial, bacterial (eubacteria), and Archaea (Methanobacteria, HalobacteriaRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells1572 Words   |  7 PagesOxford Dictionaries is a cell in which DNA is arranged in chromosomes that are â€Å"contained within a distinct nucleus†. The name prokaryotes is also defined by the Oxford dictionary as an organism that does not contain a ‘distinct nucleus with a membrane’. These two terms highlighted a very important difference between the two cells; eukaryotic cells had a true nucleus surrounded by a membrane but the prokaryotes did not. The following essay seeks to compare and contrast typical prokaryotic cells to typicalRead More Co mparison of Genetic Information In Eukaryotes And Prokaryotes1567 Words   |  7 Pagesnucleus, and also ‘pro’ means ‘absence’ and ‘eu’ means ‘presence’. Therefore the words prokaryote and eukaryote reflect upon the individual cell organization. In contrast, the both organizations show discrepancies as well as similarities which ultimately make them unique to one and other. The aim of this essay is to compare and contrast the genomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes according to the perspective of Cell biology (The science that studies about cells). This comparison is conducted onRead MoreFall 2016 : Biol 105 Exam 4 Essay Questions Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsible for carrying hereditable information: DNA or proteins. Explain how the Hershey and Chase experiment in 1952 determined that DNA was indeed the molecule. (4 points) There was some skepticism after Oswald Avery and partners claimed to discover that the transforming substance observed in Frederick Griffith’s experiment was DNA. To prove this theory, they created an experiment where they used sulfur to trace protein and phosphorus to trace DNA in infected cells to see which molecule would enterRead MoreThe Science Framework For Biology930 Words   |  4 Pagesunit because it requires the least complex concept, DNA, to be taught first, and moves on to the most complex concept, the inheritance of genetic disorders. The first subunit concept taught will be â€Å"DNA;† however, I will administer a diagnostic pretest that will identify which concepts the students already know and any concepts that may need to be retaught before I begin this lesson as students should already have a basic understanding of DNA, cellular reproduction, and the process of mitosis andRead MoreAp Biology Practice Questions2588 Words   |  11 Pagesdifferent chromosomes. Explain how these alleles are transmitted by the process of mitosis to daughter cells. After mitosis the parent cells genome is dividedninto two daughter cells. In most eukaryotes, the nuclear envelope that separates the DNA from the cytoplasm disassembles. The chromosomes align themselves in a line spanning the cell. As the cell elongates, corresponding sister chromosomes are pulled toward opposite ends. A new nuclear envelope forms around the separated sister chromosomesRead MoreBiology Lab Analysis1034 Words   |  5 PagesSMYD2 inhibitors. Experimental methods: Molecular analyses and RNA sequencing: We will constructed a total of four libraries for CML and MLL cell lines to reveal an overexpression of gene categories that involved in CML and MLL using RNA sequencing. We will compare between leukemia cells that have treated with one of SMYD2 inhibitor with untreated leukemia cell as a reference. 1. RNA Isolation: First we will extract the total RNA from CML and MLL cell lines using 10 mLTrizol reagent (Invitrogen)Read MoreGold Naotechnology Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesÃŽ ²-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells as compared to AuNP without antibody conjugates (Pissuwan et al 2011). Thermal therapy with near-infrared (NIR) laser and AuNP has proven effective in breast cancer cell lines in vitro (Stuchinskaya et al 2011). Compare with existing materials there is a high percentage to achieve the positive results. The research will focus on the breast cancer treatment. In such a way, the literature review will evaluate the way in which AuNPs provide drug delivery for the breast

Case Study misinformation Free Essays

Ashley Squillini October 22, 2012 Case Study Chapter 4 Jasper and Viena Alejandro Quinn One of the biggest problems today is misinformation. People pass judgments towards others without being properly informed and I think that it is extremely important for students to be exposed to all different cultures. Since I have done my student teaching in the last few years I actually was surprised at how much the students cultures were influenced by the assignments. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study: misinformation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the cultural teachings are not extremely expressed in the curriculum it is up to the teacher to fit it in to the lessons. I feel that at any time that a teacher can incorporate the student’s home lives and cultural practices they should. This helps not only the other students to gain knowledge about other student’s cultures and values, but it also helps the teachers to understand things that they may not know about. All students are given the same resources to meet their goals. Although I believe that it is very important for teachers to stand behind their students and to support and push them In the right way, when it comes to fulfilling life long dreams or a dream career, it is very much up to the student and their individual practices. I know that in my high school they had career days and different programs that were set up to help the students decide which career path they might be interested in. Teachers need to support their students no matter what their dreams are, and they need to be pointed in the right direction in order to fully benefit from all that is offered. All teachers should have at least some information on the different cultures of the students In their classrooms. I feel that if I were in a classroom I would have each of the students write down a few things about their home life and some of the traditions that they practice with their families. It would be up to me however to do some research on whatever I didn’t already know about. This way it would be easy to incorporate the different cultures into my lesson plans on a daily basis. I would want my students to familiar nd accepting of different cultures and traditions. During assignments or lessons that have creativity elements I would want the students to feel free and comfortable to talk about their cultural practices. Children like to read and learn about things that they are somewhat familiar about. Jaspers interest in reading â€Å"The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian† shows that he likes to read about his own culture and traditions and things he is f amiliar with. It is important for teachers to allow students to read about things that they are interested in. How to cite Case Study: misinformation, Free Case study samples

Personality Factors and Conflict Management Styles

Question: Discuss about the Personality Factors and Conflict Management Styles. Answer: Introduction: A USA based organization has its branches spread across the world and for a new project which has been taken up for a client, the company had outsourced a part of their work to third party vendors who supplied human resource for managing their MIS systems involving activities like data entry and data analysis. The company has a team in place with 3 people working on roll with the MNC while 3 of the new hires were taken from a Human Resource Consultancy. Harold, who is one of the on-roll employee was facing issues in managing tasks and was overburdened. Thus, the management decided to assign one of the consultancy hire, named Elica to him for managing data related tasks. Harold being a very experienced person in the company has a good hold over its operations and carries a significant amount of knowledge about how things worked. He was very sound with the technology. Elica on the other side is a person with good amount of experience, is creative and can catch hold of concepts fast. However, she has been working as an entrepreneur before joining the organization and was not used to taking orders. Harold was a pure perfectionist and inflexible person who demanded work from Elica on strict deadlines as well as demanded flawless work. He was very dominating and wanted things to get done as per his understanding and to be done real fast. Despite being an adaptable and highly knowledgeable person, conflicts grew between Elica and Harold as Elica could not take Harold's dominating attitude very positively. In addition, she was being tracked by Harold for every minute she spent and soon she found herself overburdened with work and an extreme pressure for the demand of speed. Moreover, Harold would compare her working with his own every time telling her that she was not so efficient as he thought while he took her interview. She was somewhat fearful of having any conflicts as she was new to office so did not speak against anything Harold demanded and kept working as she was asked to. Initially, Elica was very enthusiastic and took every work that came her way as an opportunity to learn and grow in the company but with tension rising between the two colleagues, she became less interested in work and started to avoid taking new work and slowed down in the work she had been given making Harold impatient. This lead one day to a major fight between the two when Harold asked her straight why had she become slow in her work suddenly. He asked her to sit beside him so that he could check out what she was doing wrong. This appeared to be very uncomfortable for Elica and she became impulsive blurting out her feelings all of a sudden. She told that she did not like Harold sitting on her head tracking her every second and that she was not a fresher to be treated like that but had over 8 years of experience working in corporate and in business. She ended up shouting at Harold to which Harold responded with anger. While they were having the fight, the seniors came to understand the situation. The seniors made both the employees speak one by one. While Elica clearly explained her reasons for showing anger, Harold simply said that he couldn't work with such a resources and wanted her out of the team. The other two on-roll and 2 off-role employees remained silent and did not intervene in the situa tion. After the talk was over, seniors were unable to decide who was right and thus, they told Elica to temporarily work with other off-role employee named Arvind. While she was working on the same things and reporting to same person that is Harold, she was stopped from talking to him directly and every time she needed any support, she would reach out to Arvind. However, because of the work requirements, she often needed information or talk to Harold which she did considering practical side and Harold also gave her whatever information was required but the conflicts remained between them and they could not stand each other. Whenever Elica needed Harold's inputs, she would first approach others in the team including Arvind and only when she had no choice but to talk to Harold, did she approach him directly. On the other side, if Harold wanted something to be done by Elica, he would send an email to Arvind asking him to help get the work done from Elica. Both Elica and Harold were professionally dedicated to work and everything was happening as per schedule but there was no or rate direct communication between them. The team knew the situation well but never was any initiative taken to resolve the conflict permanently. They just decide to keep avoiding conflicts and let the things move as they were. When the whole team used to meet, the conflict between the two came out in the form of blames and resistances but the two in conflict never spoke to each other directly during meeting. There was an environment of tension and pressure in every meeting in which the two participated as team could not expect any help or cooperation from the two. Both colleagues appeared to be quite inflexible to bend their conscience, be diplomatic to improve situation. Both were somewhat emotional and straightforward people who could not be manipulative but only expressed themselves in front of the team. Analysis Key People Name: Harold General Facts: He is a young 32 years old Senior Executive of the MIS department of the MNC organization employed on the roll of company and has been working for the company for over two years since the start of the new client project. Among all the MIS team members in the current location, Harold is the oldest and most knowledgeable employee of the company.He is a very competitive person who keeps comparing himself with others often and tries hard to remain ahead always in his field of work. He works very fast and is a perfectionist who seeks perfection even in others working for him. He has a habit of monitoring work of juniors very closely always keeping control over the activities. Personal Characteristics: Impatient, Clever, Impulsive, perfectionist, inflexible, professionally dedicated, knowledgeable, dominating Name:Elica General Facts: She is a young 33 years old Senior Executive of the MIS department of the MNC organization recently employed on the contract of the company for assisting Harold in the new client project. She has been employed by Harold but got the opportunity through a friend works in the same office with the human resource outsourcing organization that Elica is on roll of.Elica is a single mother and has a small son who is been taken care of by a maid at her back in her house and she also has a support from her mother who stays with her. Elica is a very social person and believes in team work and encouragement of juniors. Personal Characteristics: Opportunistic, adaptable, knowledgeable, analytical, professionally dedicated The context:An MNC company which is into telecommunication infrastructure has taken up a big project from another company for which it needed to hire people for different operations out of which MIS was one department that took people from all over the country. In one location in a metro city, MIS department of the project had 5 employees working on-role including MIS Head, Assistant Manager, 3 on-role senior executives, 2 off-role senior executives and one off-role executive. The company used their on-roll employees to guide project and hired others on contract with human resource consultancies for managing the ground work. The on-role employees were to take decisions on tasks to be completed every day and the same were done in part by them while a major portion was to be delegated to outsourced employees. The responsibilities given to on-contract employees were assigned by on-role employees. Both the members of the project stood at the same level in designation but because of the p roject arrangement, the position of on-role employees was higher in understanding and thus, off-role employees reported to them. The new employee who was on-contract , Elica joined the organization and was made to report to Harold who was an on-role employees. Both employees have same years of experience but Harold had more experience of telecom domain while Elica has been into several IT organizations after which she worked as a business consultant for entrepreneurs. Key Event:When Elica was made to report to Harold, their working styles did not match and they had personality differences that caused conflicts between them. While Harold was very dominating, Elica was not used to handling domination from seniors as she has been an entrepreneur for a long time before joining the company. Elica understood her responsibilities and took ownership of the same but at the same time, Harold has been treating her like a typical employee who may not be serious about and thus, tried keeping a very close control over her by monitoring her every minute. This upset Elica but she did not speak for long as she did not want to get into any conflicts at the start of her job. However, as she did not resist, the behaviour of Harold became extremely commanding and Elica was unable to control her discomfort. The result was that Elica found herself always stressed at work which also affected her personal life as she would take more time to finish her work and went home l ate. When Harold charged on her one day asking her explanations for taking more time than expected to finish her work, she responded back with anger, telling Harold that she was not supposed to be treated like a fresher. The key reason for this conflict could be due to personality differences between Harold who was competitive and Elica who was cooperative. While Harold believed in keeping close monitoring and comparing work of one employee with other to remain competitive, Elica was more of a social person who believes in building teams by bringing them together and working with team spirit. The work however, demanded more of a controlled and competitive approach at the stage as per Harold which is why he was being monitoring Elica closely without having any considerations of how she felt about his behaviour or if his style of work affected her performance in positive or negative ways4. The conflict was only discussed once but was largely ignored by seniors who preferred to just avoid the situation by keeping the two employees separated as much as possible without taking any corrective measures and thus, the conflict largely remained unresolved. References Antonioni, D, "Relationship Between The Big Five Personality Factors And Conflict Management Styles". inInt Jnl of Conflict Management, 9, 1998, 336-355. Dattner, B, "Most Work Conflicts Arent Due to Personality". in Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2014/05/most-work-conflicts-arent-due-to-personality, 2014, [accessed 24 August 2016]. Plus, C, Learning Package Three Personality Differences and Conflict Handling Styles. in , 1st ed., , 2011, https://crana.org.au/uploads/pdfs/Other_44.pdf [accessed 24 August 2016]. Scuderi, R, "How To Handle Personality Conflicts At Work". inLifehack.org, https://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/how-to-handle-personality-conflicts-at-work.html, 2016, [accessed 23 August 2016].